Lecture

Logical Operators

Logical operators let you combine multiple conditions in a WHERE clause, making your filters more flexible and precise.


Main Logical Operators

OperatorDescriptionExample
ANDAll conditions must be truemembership_type = 'student' AND has_overdue_books = 'no'
ORAt least one condition must be truemembership_type = 'guest' OR number_of_books > 3
NOTReverses or excludes a conditionNOT has_overdue_books = 'yes'

AND Operator Example

The AND operator filters rows where all conditions must be true.

Filter: Students with no overdue books
SELECT name, membership_type FROM library_members WHERE membership_type = 'student' AND has_overdue_books = 'no';

This query returns students who do not have any overdue books.


OR Operator Example

The OR operator filters rows where at least one condition is true.

Filter: Guests or those with many books
SELECT name, number_of_books FROM library_members WHERE membership_type = 'guest' OR number_of_books > 3;

This query returns either guests or anyone with more than 3 books checked out.


NOT Operator Example

The NOT operator filters out rows where the condition is true, returning only those that do not match.

Filter: Exclude members with overdue books
SELECT name FROM library_members WHERE NOT has_overdue_books = 'yes';

This query returns only members who do not have overdue books.

Quiz
0 / 1

What does the following query do?

SELECT name FROM library_members WHERE NOT has_overdue_books = 'yes';

Returns only members who have overdue books

Returns nothing

Excludes members with overdue books

Shows members with no books borrowed

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